:root{--yellow: #ffd400;--ink: #121212;--paper: #f4f3ee;--surface: #ffffff;--muted: #5c5b55;--line: #121212;--line-soft: rgba(18, 18, 18, .14);--on-yellow: #121212;--pad-x: clamp(1.1rem, 4vw, 2.2rem);--header: 3.55rem;--max: 72rem;--sans: "IBM Plex Sans", "Avenir Next", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;--mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, Menlo, Consolas, monospace;--step--1: .72rem;--step-0: 1.02rem;--step-1: clamp(1.02rem, .95rem + .35vw, 1.15rem);--step-2: clamp(1.45rem, 1.05rem + 1.4vw, 2.05rem);--step-3: clamp(1.85rem, 1.15rem + 2.4vw, 3.05rem);--ease: cubic-bezier(.22, 1, .36, 1)}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}html{background:var(--paper);scroll-behavior:smooth}body{margin:0;min-width:20rem;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:var(--step-0);line-height:1.55;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body.menu-open{overflow:hidden}img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button,input,select,textarea{font:inherit;color:inherit}button{cursor:pointer;background:none;border:0;padding:0}p,ul,ol{margin:0}fieldset{border:0;margin:0;padding:0}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ink);outline-offset:3px}::selection{background:var(--yellow);color:var(--ink)}.skip{position:absolute;left:var(--pad-x);top:.5rem;z-index:80;transform:translateY(-160%);padding:.4rem .65rem;background:var(--ink);color:var(--yellow)}.skip:focus{transform:none}.wrap{width:min(var(--max),calc(100% - (2 * var(--pad-x))));margin-inline:auto}.kicker{margin:0 0 .7rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--step--1);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase}h1,h2{margin:0;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.035em;line-height:1.08;color:var(--ink)}h1{font-size:var(--step-3)}h2{font-size:var(--step-2)}.lede{max-width:36rem;color:var(--ink);font-size:var(--step-1);line-height:1.4}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0}.topstrip{background:var(--ink);color:var(--yellow);font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.04em}.topstrip .wrap{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.35rem 1.4rem;padding:.4rem 0}.topstrip a{color:var(--yellow)}.site-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:40;height:var(--header);background:var(--yellow);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.site-header .chrome.wrap{height:100%}.chrome{display:flex;align-items:stretch;height:100%}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.65rem;padding-right:1.2rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.03em;color:var(--ink);white-space:nowrap}.brand-mark{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:1.85rem;height:1.85rem;background:var(--ink);color:var(--yellow);font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.78rem;font-weight:600}.nav-main{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;gap:1.45rem;margin-left:auto}.nav-main a{color:var(--ink);font-size:.94rem;font-weight:500}.nav-main a[aria-current=page]{box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 0 var(--ink)}.menu-btn{display:none;width:var(--header);margin-left:auto;border-left:1px solid var(--ink);align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-direction:column;gap:5px}.menu-btn span{display:block;width:1.15rem;height:2px;background:var(--ink)}.btn-cta{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:2.6rem;padding:.5rem 1.1rem;background:var(--yellow);color:var(--on-yellow)!important;border:1px solid var(--ink);font-size:.92rem;font-weight:600;white-space:nowrap}.btn-cta:hover{filter:brightness(.96)}.btn-ghost{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);padding-bottom:.12rem}.hero-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.9rem 1.4rem;margin-top:1.5rem}.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.15fr) minmax(18rem,.85fr);gap:2.2rem 3rem;align-items:start;padding:2.6rem 0 2.8rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.hero .lede{margin-top:1rem}.calc{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:1.25rem 1.2rem 1.35rem}.calc-tag{margin:0 0 .55rem;color:var(--yellow);font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase}.calc h2{color:var(--yellow);font-size:1.2rem;letter-spacing:-.03em;margin-bottom:1rem}.calc label{display:block;margin:0 0 .3rem;color:#f4f3eeb8;font-size:.78rem}.calc .field{margin-bottom:.85rem}.calc input,.calc select{width:100%;min-height:2.45rem;padding:.4rem .65rem;background:#1c1c1c;color:var(--paper);border:1px solid rgba(255,212,0,.35);border-radius:0}.calc-lines{list-style:none;padding:.7rem 0 0;margin:.4rem 0 0;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,212,0,.28)}.calc-lines li{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;padding:.32rem 0;font-size:.88rem}.calc-lines .total{margin-top:.25rem;color:var(--yellow);font-family:var(--mono);font-weight:600}.calc-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:.9rem;color:var(--yellow)!important;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:600;border-bottom:1px solid var(--yellow)}.section{padding:2.6rem 0 2.8rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.section-head{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:.6rem 1.5rem;align-items:end;margin-bottom:1.6rem}.section-head .kicker{margin:0}.tools{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1px;background:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--ink)}.tool{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:9.5rem;padding:1.05rem 1.1rem 1.15rem;background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink)}.tool-ref{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--muted)}.tool h3{margin:.7rem 0 0;font-size:1.12rem;letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1.2}.tool>span:last-child{margin-top:auto;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:600;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);align-self:start}.tool:hover{background:var(--yellow)}.guides{list-style:none;padding:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}.guides li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.guides a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:3.2rem 1fr;gap:.8rem;align-items:baseline;padding:.85rem 0}.guides a:hover{background:var(--yellow)}.guides .n{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.75rem;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--muted)}.methodo .lede{margin-top:.85rem}.methodo .btn-ghost{margin-top:1.2rem}.letter{padding:2.4rem 0 2.6rem;background:var(--yellow);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.letter h2{margin-bottom:.65rem}.letter .lede{margin-bottom:1.2rem}.letter-form{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.55rem;max-width:32rem}.letter-form input[type=email]{flex:1 1 14rem;min-height:2.6rem;padding:.45rem .75rem;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--ink);color:var(--ink)}.letter .btn-cta{background:var(--ink);color:var(--yellow)!important;border-color:var(--ink)}.letter-note{margin-top:.7rem;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--ink)}.site-footer{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:2.2rem 0 1.3rem}.footer-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.3fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:1.6rem 2rem}.footer-brand{font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.03em;margin-bottom:.55rem}.site-footer h2{color:var(--yellow);font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:.7rem}.site-footer ul{list-style:none;padding:0}.site-footer li{margin:.28rem 0}.site-footer a{color:var(--paper)}.site-footer a:hover{color:var(--yellow)}.legal-bar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.4rem 1.2rem;margin-top:1.8rem;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,212,0,.22);color:#f4f3eeb3;font-size:.78rem}.legal-bar a{color:var(--yellow)}.overlay{display:none;position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:60;background:var(--yellow);padding:1.2rem var(--pad-x) 2rem}.overlay.is-open{display:block}.overlay-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-bottom:1.8rem}.close-btn{width:2.4rem;height:2.4rem;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:1;color:var(--ink)}.menu-stack{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.9rem}.menu-stack a{color:var(--ink);font-size:1.6rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.03em}.menu-stack .btn-cta{margin-top:1rem;align-self:start;color:var(--yellow)!important;background:var(--ink)}.page-intro{padding:2.2rem 0 1.4rem}.page-intro .lede{margin-top:.85rem}.outil-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(16rem,.7fr);gap:1.6rem 2rem;padding-bottom:2.6rem}.outil-panel{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--ink);padding:1.3rem 1.25rem}.outil-panel .field{margin-bottom:.95rem}.outil-panel label{display:block;margin-bottom:.3rem;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600}.outil-panel input,.outil-panel select{width:100%;min-height:2.5rem;padding:.4rem .65rem;border:1px solid var(--ink);background:var(--paper)}.crumb{margin:0 0 1rem;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted)}.crumb a{color:var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}.article-shell{padding:1.6rem 0 3rem}.reading{width:min(46rem,calc(100% - 2 * var(--pad-x)));margin:0 auto}.article-hero-img{width:min(46rem,calc(100% - 2 * var(--pad-x)));margin:0 auto 1.4rem;border:1px solid var(--ink);background:#ddd;min-height:12rem;object-fit:cover;aspect-ratio:16 / 9}.reading h1{margin-bottom:.7rem}.article-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.35rem 1rem;margin-bottom:1.2rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.88rem}.en-bref{background:var(--yellow);color:var(--ink);padding:1.15rem 1.2rem 1.2rem;margin:0 0 1.8rem;border:1px solid var(--ink)}.en-bref>p:first-child{margin:0 0 .55rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.02em}.en-bref ul{padding-left:1.15rem}.en-bref li{margin:.28rem 0}.prose h2{font-size:clamp(1.2rem,1rem + .7vw,1.45rem);margin:2.1rem 0 .85rem}.prose p{margin:0 0 1.05rem}.prose figure{margin:0 0 1.2rem;overflow-x:auto}.prose table{width:100%;min-width:32rem;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0 0 1.2rem}.prose th,.prose td{border:1px solid var(--ink);padding:.45rem .6rem;text-align:left;font-size:.86rem;vertical-align:top}.prose thead th{background:var(--yellow)}.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:1.2rem;margin:0 0 1.05rem}.prose li{margin:.28rem 0}.prose a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.12em}.blog-list{list-style:none;padding:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}.blog-list li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.blog-list a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:7.2rem 1fr;gap:.9rem;align-items:baseline;padding:.95rem 0}.blog-list a:hover{background:var(--yellow)}.blog-list time{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.75rem;letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--muted)}.blog-list h2{font-size:1.08rem;letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1.25}.outil-note{margin-top:1rem;font-size:.88rem;color:var(--muted)}.outil-note a{color:var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);font-weight:600}.video{position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;margin:0 0 1.2rem}.video iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.toc-mobile{display:none;margin:0 0 1.6rem;padding:0;list-style:none;border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}.toc-mobile li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.toc-mobile a{display:block;padding:.7rem 0;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3}.minimap{position:fixed;top:50%;right:1.15rem;z-index:25;transform:translateY(-50%);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.55rem}.minimap a{position:relative;display:block;width:1.15rem;height:.55rem}.minimap a:after{content:"";display:block;width:100%;height:6px;background:var(--ink);opacity:.78}.minimap a.is-on:after{background:var(--yellow);opacity:1;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--ink)}.minimap a span{position:absolute;right:1.55rem;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);display:none;width:16.5rem;padding:.5rem .6rem;background:#fff;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--ink);font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.35;font-weight:500;white-space:normal;box-shadow:4px 4px 0 var(--ink)}.minimap a:hover span,.minimap a:focus span,.minimap a:focus-visible span{display:block}.author{display:flex;gap:.9rem;align-items:flex-start;margin:2.4rem 0 0;padding-top:1.4rem;border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}.author-mark{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:2.6rem;height:2.6rem;flex:none;background:var(--yellow);border:1px solid var(--ink);font-family:var(--mono);font-weight:700;font-size:.8rem}.author p{color:var(--muted);font-size:.92rem}.author strong{color:var(--ink)}.related{width:min(46rem,calc(100% - 2 * var(--pad-x)));margin:1.8rem auto 2.6rem;padding:1.35rem 1.25rem 1.45rem;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}.related h2{color:var(--yellow);font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:0;margin-bottom:.85rem}.related ul{list-style:none;padding:0}.related li{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,212,0,.22)}.related a{display:block;padding:.7rem 0;color:var(--paper);font-weight:600;line-height:1.3}.related a:hover{color:var(--yellow)}@media(max-width:1100px){.tools{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}@media(max-width:860px){.nav-main{display:none}.menu-btn{display:flex}.hero,.outil-grid,.footer-grid,.tools{grid-template-columns:1fr}.blog-list a{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.25rem}.minimap{display:none}.toc-mobile{display:block}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*:before,*:after{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}.offscreen{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0}.form-status{margin-top:.7rem;min-height:1.2em;font-size:.88rem}.prose img,.prose figure img{width:100%;height:auto;border:1px solid var(--ink)}.prose .video,.prose .video-frame{position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;margin:0 0 1.2rem}.prose .video iframe,.prose .video-frame iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}.page-main{padding:1.6rem 0 3rem}.page-main .reading,.page-main .wrap>.prose{width:min(46rem,calc(100% - 2 * var(--pad-x)));margin:0 auto}.gloss-list,.archive-list{list-style:none;padding:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}.gloss-list li,.archive-list li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.gloss-list a,.archive-list a{display:block;padding:.85rem 0;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3}.gloss-list a:hover,.archive-list a:hover{background:var(--yellow)}.guide-note{margin-top:1.2rem;max-width:36rem}.calc-error{margin-top:.8rem;color:var(--yellow);font-size:.88rem}